Official data Source: US Census Bureau international trade data
Track this productPrinted books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter, not elsewhere specified
In short
- The US imported $2.30B of this product over the 12 months to August 2026, up 16% on the year before.
- China is the largest supplier, with 42.1% of US imports; United Kingdom is next, with 15.8%.
- Canada is the cheapest main supplier before and after freight and duty, landing at $1.41 each.
- Duty paid averaged 3.1% of the value of imports in August 2026, the same as a year earlier.
- United Kingdom is gaining share: 19.7% over the last 12 months, up from 12.9%.
- US exports were $1.56B over the last 12 months; the largest market is Canada, with 45.5%.
US imports, Aug 2026
$220.0M
↑ +19% vs Aug 2025
Last 12 months
$2.30B
↑ +16% vs the 12 months before
Average duty paid
3.1%
0.0 pts vs Aug 2025
Top supplier
China
42.1% of US imports
US imports by month
The last 13 months, so the same month a year ago is on the left. August 2026 is highlighted.
Show the numbers
| Month | US imports |
|---|---|
| August 2025 | $185.4M |
| September 2025 | $197.6M |
| October 2025 | $179.1M |
| November 2025 | $146.1M |
| December 2025 | $158.6M |
| January 2026 | $151.9M |
| February 2026 | $174.0M |
| March 2026 | $179.2M |
| April 2026 | $245.7M |
| May 2026 | $209.0M |
| June 2026 | $228.8M |
| July 2026 | $209.2M |
| August 2026 | $220.0M |
What changed
- US imports were $220.0M in August 2026, up 5.2% from July 2026 and up 19% from August 2025.
- Over the 12 months to August 2026 they totalled $2.30B, up 16% on the 12 months before.
- Biggest moves in market share since July 2026: China up from 38.8% to 42.1%.
- Average price from China fell 9.2% since July 2026, to $1.92 each.
- Duty paid by the main suppliers held within 2 points of July 2026.
US trade by year
US imports were $2.30B in the 12 months to Aug 2026, up 41% on the 12 months to Aug 2017. US exports were $1.56B, down 27%. Dotted lines mark lasting changes in duty paid, labelled with the supplier, or "Duty" when several moved; the tariff timeline lists each one with its notices.
Show the numbers
| Period | US imports |
|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2017 | $1.63B |
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | $1.74B |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | $1.88B |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | $1.34B |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | $1.50B |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | $2.07B |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | $1.96B |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | $1.94B |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | $1.99B |
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | $2.30B |
- China
- United Kingdom
- Canada
- Italy
- All countries
Show the numbers
| Period | China | United Kingdom | Canada | Italy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2017 | 46.6% | 15.5% | 10.3% | 2.8% |
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | 44.2% | 16.4% | 10.4% | 3.1% |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | 46.3% | 15.7% | 10.7% | 2.6% |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | 36.7% | 18.4% | 13.9% | 3.6% |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | 35.1% | 15.1% | 15.2% | 5.4% |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | 36.3% | 15.8% | 13.3% | 6.2% |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | 30.0% | 14.4% | 15.1% | 6.2% |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | 34.7% | 14.6% | 12.9% | 5.2% |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | 39.2% | 12.9% | 12.9% | 6.6% |
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | 34.2% | 19.7% | 10.2% | 5.2% |
Show the numbers
| Period | China | United Kingdom | Canada | Italy | All countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2017 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | 8.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.1% |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.1% |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | 5.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | 5.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | 5.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.9% |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | 6.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 2.4% |
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | 6.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 2.4% |
| Period | US imports | Duty paid | US exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | $2.30B+16% | 2.4%0.0 pts | $1.56B+0.7% |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | $1.99B+2.3% | 2.4%+0.5 pts | $1.55B−0.5% |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | $1.94B−0.7% | 1.9%+0.2 pts | $1.55B−11% |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | $1.96B−5.6% | 1.7%−0.4 pts | $1.74B−4.9% |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | $2.07B+38% | 2.0%0.0 pts | $1.83B−4.3% |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | $1.50B+12% | 2.1%−1.1 pts | $1.92B+4.6% |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | $1.34B−28% | 3.1%+3.1 pts | $1.83B−11% |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | $1.88B+7.9% | 0.0%0.0 pts | $2.07B−4.2% |
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | $1.74B+6.9% | 0.0%0.0 pts | $2.16B+1.7% |
| 12 months to Aug 2017 | $1.63B | 0.0% | $2.12B |
Who supplies the US
August 2026. Small figures under each value are the change from August 2025. Landed cost by origin, below, adds freight and duty to the price.
| Country | US imports | Share | Average price | Duty paid | Last 13 months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | $92.7M | 42.1%−2.0 pts | $1.92 each−9.1% | 6.5%−0.2 pts | |
| United Kingdom | $34.8M | 15.8%+5.3 pts | $9.99 each+74% | 0.3%+0.1 pts | |
| Canada | $18.4M | 8.3%+0.4 pts | $1.40 each+0.4% | 0.1%−0.3 pts | |
| Italy | $15.1M | 6.9%−2.3 pts | $3.08 each−24% | 0.3%+0.2 pts | |
| Mexico | $7.9M | 3.6%−1.5 pts | $2.37 each+0.6% | 0.1%+0.1 pts | |
| India | $7.0M | 3.2%−0.1 pts | $1.97 each+57% | 0.2%0.0 pts | |
| Korea, South | $6.2M | 2.8%−0.3 pts | $3.45 each+40% | 0.2%+0.1 pts | |
| Germany | $5.6M | 2.6%+1.1 pts | $3.07 each+70% | 0.8%+0.3 pts | |
| Other countries (64) | $32.4M | 14.7%−0.7 pts | $3.53 each−4.1% | 1.8%+1.4 pts | |
| All countries | $220.0M | 100.0% | $2.46 each+2.5% | 3.1%0.0 pts |
The 3 largest suppliers had 64.1% of US imports over the last 12 months.
Landed cost by origin
What importers paid to land this product at a US port from each main supplier, June–August 2026: the price, freight and insurance to the first US port, and duty, per unit. Suppliers with 3% or more of these imports, cheapest landed first. Small figures under landed cost are the change from the same months a year earlier.
- Price
- Freight and insurance
- Duty
| Country | Price | Freight and insurance | Duty | Landed cost | Make-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | $1.38 each | $0.02 each1.6% of price | $0.00 each0.1% of price | $1.41 each+4.2% | |
| Mexico | $1.96 each | $0.03 each1.3% of price | $0.00 each0.1% of price | $1.99 each+11% | |
| China | $1.93 each | $0.14 each7.1% of price | $0.12 each6.3% of price | $2.19 each−6.3% | |
| India | $2.13 each | $0.16 each7.3% of price | $0.01 each0.3% of price | $2.29 each+62% | |
| Italy | $3.17 each | $0.15 each4.6% of price | $0.02 each0.6% of price | $3.34 each−13% | |
| United Kingdom | $10.21 each | $0.43 each4.2% of price | $0.02 each0.2% of price | $10.65 each+48% | |
| All countries | $2.44 each | $0.13 each5.4% of price | $0.07 each2.8% of price | $2.64 each+4.6% |
Landed at a US port, Canada was cheapest, at $1.41 each: 29.3% below Mexico.
Landed cost from India rose 62% on a year earlier, to $2.29 each, mostly on price: $1.31 each then, $2.13 each now.
How the market is shifting
United Kingdom gained the most share: 19.7% of US imports over the last 12 months, up from 12.9% in the 12 months before. China lost the most: 34.2%, down from 39.2%. The charts show September 2024 to August 2026 for the 4 largest suppliers over the last 12 months.
- China
- United Kingdom
- Canada
- Italy
- All countries
Show the numbers
| Month | China | United Kingdom | Canada | Italy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 2024 | 40.7% | 13.1% | 13.1% | 7.6% |
| October 2024 | 34.3% | 15.4% | 18.2% | 5.9% |
| November 2024 | 37.4% | 17.4% | 13.2% | 6.8% |
| December 2024 | 38.6% | 13.7% | 15.6% | 7.1% |
| January 2025 | 40.9% | 12.7% | 11.4% | 5.1% |
| February 2025 | 36.0% | 11.7% | 16.3% | 5.2% |
| March 2025 | 32.0% | 12.0% | 14.0% | 6.9% |
| April 2025 | 34.9% | 13.9% | 13.5% | 8.2% |
| May 2025 | 40.2% | 11.8% | 14.2% | 5.0% |
| June 2025 | 41.1% | 13.2% | 11.5% | 4.9% |
| July 2025 | 47.2% | 10.7% | 7.5% | 6.7% |
| August 2025 | 44.1% | 10.5% | 7.9% | 9.1% |
| September 2025 | 33.5% | 23.0% | 10.5% | 5.7% |
| October 2025 | 35.5% | 21.6% | 10.3% | 4.7% |
| November 2025 | 31.0% | 20.2% | 12.8% | 6.2% |
| December 2025 | 32.7% | 21.7% | 12.1% | 6.0% |
| January 2026 | 38.2% | 14.8% | 10.3% | 5.1% |
| February 2026 | 33.0% | 23.5% | 9.6% | 3.8% |
| March 2026 | 32.9% | 18.9% | 12.4% | 4.9% |
| April 2026 | 22.4% | 22.8% | 8.1% | 4.3% |
| May 2026 | 34.0% | 18.1% | 11.9% | 5.3% |
| June 2026 | 37.3% | 19.0% | 8.9% | 3.7% |
| July 2026 | 38.8% | 17.0% | 9.2% | 5.6% |
| August 2026 | 42.1% | 15.8% | 8.3% | 6.9% |
Show the numbers
| Month | China | United Kingdom | Canada | Italy | All countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 2024 | 5.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.2% |
| October 2024 | 5.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.8% |
| November 2024 | 5.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
| December 2024 | 5.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.2% |
| January 2025 | 4.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
| February 2025 | 5.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
| March 2025 | 5.4% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 1.8% |
| April 2025 | 6.6% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 2.5% |
| May 2025 | 6.7% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 2.9% |
| June 2025 | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.2% | 2.5% |
| July 2025 | 7.4% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 3.6% |
| August 2025 | 6.7% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 3.1% |
| September 2025 | 6.8% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 2.5% |
| October 2025 | 6.8% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 2.6% |
| November 2025 | 6.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 2.2% |
| December 2025 | 6.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 2.2% |
| January 2026 | 5.8% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 2.6% |
| February 2026 | 6.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 2.1% |
| March 2026 | 5.4% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 2.1% |
| April 2026 | 6.2% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 1.9% |
| May 2026 | 6.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 2.4% |
| June 2026 | 6.4% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 2.7% |
| July 2026 | 6.0% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 1.1% | 2.6% |
| August 2026 | 6.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 3.1% |
Tariff actions touching this product
When the duty paid on this product changed and stayed changed, for its main suppliers and all countries, newest first, with the Federal Register notices that named the product in the 3 months before. Rates are medians of the 4 months either side, less any usual seasonal swing. A change shows what happened to duty paid, not why; read each notice for what it did.
- March 2020 · Duty paid: China 11.1% → 6.1%.
- October 2019 · Duty paid: China 0.0% → 11.4%.
Where it enters the US
Main ports of entry over the 12 months to August 2026: US imports and share.
Where US exports go
US exports were $132.8M in August 2026, down 6.0% from August 2025, and $1.56B over the last 12 months, up 0.7% on the 12 months before. Fastest-growing market with 3% or more of US exports: United Kingdom, up 16%.
| Market | Last 12 months | Share | vs 12 months before |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | $708.6M | 45.5% | +0.9% |
| United Kingdom | $250.7M | 16.1% | +16% |
| Mexico | $113.1M | 7.3% | −9.0% |
| Australia | $69.0M | 4.4% | +2.1% |
| Germany | $45.4M | 2.9% | +3.9% |
| Netherlands | $29.0M | 1.9% | +16% |
| United Arab Emirates | $25.0M | 1.6% | −45% |
| Singapore | $19.1M | 1.2% | −12% |
| Other countries (178) | $296.6M | 19.1% | −1.0% |
| All countries | $1.56B | 100.0% | +0.7% |
Markets abroad
Each country's own import figures for this product, from UN Comtrade: the 8 biggest importers outside the US in the latest year each has reported, what they bought from the US, and the change from the year before. Values usually include freight and insurance to the importer's border, so they run a little above US export figures. Countries report a year or more late; 124 have reported 2025 so far. Where a country's figure for imports from the US is under half or over double what the US recorded exporting there that year, the US figure is shown under it.
| Market | Imports | vs year before | From the US | US share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | $1.37Bin 2025 | −20% | $171.2MUS records $44.9M | 12.5% |
| Canada | $854.0Min 2025 | −4.8% | $519.5M | 60.8% |
| United Kingdom | $839.6Min 2025 | +4.2% | $250.5M | 29.8% |
| France | $797.0Min 2025 | +7.6% | $51.1MUS records $4.3M | 6.4% |
| Switzerland | $477.1Min 2025 | +5.5% | $7.5M | 1.6% |
| Poland | $454.8Min 2025 | +27% | $29.2MUS records $1.7M | 6.4% |
| Austria | $449.0Min 2025 | +8.2% | $21.8M | 4.9% |
| Netherlands | $419.2Min 2025 | +3.6% | $47.7M | 11.4% |
The biggest market outside the US is Germany, which imported $1.37B of this product in 2025, 12.5% of that from the US by its own count; the US records $44.9M of exports there.
The US supplies 60.8% of imports into Canada and 29.8% into the United Kingdom, but under 10% into Switzerland and Austria.
Related products
Other products under heading 4901: printed books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter. US trade over the 12 months to August 2026.
| Product | US imports | US exports |
|---|---|---|
| Printed books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter, in single sheets, whether or not foldedHS 4901.10 | $160.5M | $181.4M |
| Dictionaries and encyclopedias, and serial installments thereofHS 4901.91 | $2.9M | $5.5M |
About these figures
- Source: US Census Bureau international trade data, not seasonally adjusted, in US dollars. Retrieved November 3, 2026.
- US imports are general imports at customs value, which excludes freight and insurance. Exports are at free-alongside-ship value.
- Average price is customs value divided by quantity (number of items), across all of the product's 10-digit lines.
- Duty paid is the duty Census calculates on each country's imports for consumption, as a share of their value. It moves with tariff changes, exemptions and the mix of goods within the product.
- Landed cost adds Census's import charges (freight, insurance and other costs of bringing the goods to the first US port) and calculated duty to the customs value, per unit, across the product's 10-digit lines. It leaves out antidumping and countervailing duties, customs fees and transport inland. Prices are averages across the goods within the code, so a lower one can mean cheaper goods, not the same goods for less.
- Markets abroad are each country's imports as it reports them to UN Comtrade, in US dollars, usually including freight and insurance. Countries report a year or more late and in their own edition of the HS codes, so one still on an older edition is missing for codes that changed in 2022.
- Census revises recent months, so figures can change slightly. These are estimates for research and planning, not customs or legal advice.