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Official data Source: US Census Bureau international trade data Data through August 2026 · updated monthly

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HS 0406.10

Cheese, (unripened or uncured) fresh (including whey cheese), and curd

In short

  • The US imported $102.0M of this product over the 12 months to August 2026, down 20% on the year before.
  • Italy is the largest supplier, with 35.5% of US imports; Mexico is next, with 23.6%.
  • Nicaragua is the cheapest main supplier before and after freight and duty, landing at $5.34/kg.
  • Duty paid averaged 11.6% of the value of imports in August 2026, down 1.4 points on a year earlier.
  • Italy is gaining share: 29.4% over the last 12 months, up from 24.7%.
  • US exports were $857.7M over the last 12 months; the largest market is Korea, South, with 33.7%.

US imports, Aug 2026

$7.9M

↓ −2.1% vs Aug 2025

Last 12 months

$102.0M

↓ −20% vs the 12 months before

Average duty paid

11.6%

↓ −1.4 pts vs Aug 2025

Top supplier

Italy

35.5% of US imports

US imports by month

The last 13 months, so the same month a year ago is on the left. August 2026 is highlighted.

Aug2025SepOctNovDecJan2026FebMarAprMayJunJulAug
Show the numbers
MonthUS imports
August 2025$8.1M
September 2025$8.8M
October 2025$8.8M
November 2025$8.8M
December 2025$10.7M
January 2026$6.6M
February 2026$7.4M
March 2026$9.0M
April 2026$7.4M
May 2026$8.7M
June 2026$9.4M
July 2026$8.3M
August 2026$7.9M

What changed

  • US imports were $7.9M in August 2026, down 4.9% from July 2026 and down 2.1% from August 2025.
  • Over the 12 months to August 2026 they totalled $102.0M, down 20% on the 12 months before.
  • Biggest moves in market share since July 2026: Italy up from 31.6% to 35.5%, Turkey down from 5.9% to 0.1%.
  • Average price from Italy rose 15% since July 2026, to $8.41/kg.
  • Duty paid on imports from Brazil rose from 24.0% to 46.0% of their value since July 2026.
  • Duty paid on imports from Lithuania fell from 18.5% to 10.0% of their value since July 2026.

US trade by year

US imports were $102.0M in the 12 months to Aug 2026, up 65% on the 12 months to Aug 2017. US exports were $857.7M, up 107%. Dotted lines mark lasting changes in duty paid, labelled with the supplier, or "Duty" when several moved; the tariff timeline lists each one with its notices.

2017201820192020202120222023202420252026Duty ↑↓Canada ↓Mexico ↑Mexico ↓Duty ↑
Show the numbers
PeriodUS imports
12 months to Aug 2017$62.0M
12 months to Aug 2018$60.1M
12 months to Aug 2019$51.5M
12 months to Aug 2020$47.9M
12 months to Aug 2021$68.1M
12 months to Aug 2022$71.4M
12 months to Aug 2023$95.1M
12 months to Aug 2024$137.3M
12 months to Aug 2025$127.1M
12 months to Aug 2026$102.0M
  • Italy
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Canada
  • All countries
Share of US imports
Show the numbers
PeriodItalyMexicoNetherlandsCanada
12 months to Aug 201714.5%8.4%7.3%12.1%
12 months to Aug 201820.9%7.7%2.9%11.4%
12 months to Aug 201928.7%6.6%0.0%9.4%
12 months to Aug 202033.2%9.4%3.7%6.6%
12 months to Aug 202137.3%6.2%5.6%18.7%
12 months to Aug 202237.0%16.3%4.0%9.0%
12 months to Aug 202329.4%14.9%14.8%6.5%
12 months to Aug 202421.0%21.7%14.8%7.9%
12 months to Aug 202524.7%22.3%10.4%10.1%
12 months to Aug 202629.4%24.7%5.2%3.4%
Duty paid, % of value
Show the numbers
PeriodItalyMexicoNetherlandsCanadaAll countries
12 months to Aug 20178.7%0.0%8.5%2.6%6.9%
12 months to Aug 20189.2%0.0%8.5%3.4%8.2%
12 months to Aug 20199.4%0.0%n/a7.7%7.6%
12 months to Aug 20209.2%0.1%8.5%7.5%8.5%
12 months to Aug 20219.0%14.6%8.5%0.7%7.3%
12 months to Aug 20229.4%21.8%8.6%0.0%9.5%
12 months to Aug 20239.6%13.8%8.5%0.0%8.8%
12 months to Aug 20249.6%6.4%8.5%0.0%7.4%
12 months to Aug 202512.4%5.0%10.9%0.3%8.9%
12 months to Aug 202616.2%6.5%15.4%1.3%14.3%
PeriodUS importsDuty paidUS exports
12 months to Aug 2026$102.0M−20%14.3%+5.4 pts$857.7M+23%
12 months to Aug 2025$127.1M−7.4%8.9%+1.4 pts$698.6M+28%
12 months to Aug 2024$137.3M+44%7.4%−1.4 pts$547.7M+4.2%
12 months to Aug 2023$95.1M+33%8.8%−0.7 pts$525.4M−8.5%
12 months to Aug 2022$71.4M+4.8%9.5%+2.1 pts$574.1M+23%
12 months to Aug 2021$68.1M+42%7.3%−1.2 pts$466.5M−1.0%
12 months to Aug 2020$47.9M−7.0%8.5%+0.9 pts$471.3M−2.8%
12 months to Aug 2019$51.5M−14%7.6%−0.6 pts$485.0M+8.6%
12 months to Aug 2018$60.1M−3.0%8.2%+1.3 pts$446.8M+7.6%
12 months to Aug 2017$62.0M6.9%$415.1M

Who supplies the US

August 2026. Small figures under each value are the change from August 2025. Landed cost by origin, below, adds freight and duty to the price.

CountryUS importsShareAverage priceDuty paidLast 13 months
Italy$2.8M35.5%+6.4 pts$8.41/kg−1.6%10.7%−6.0 pts
Mexico$1.9M23.6%−6.6 pts$6.25/kg+6.0%7.6%+3.7 pts
Nicaragua$551K7.0%new$4.90/kg12.5%
Lithuania$388K4.9%+3.5 pts$5.16/kg−5.2%10.0%−8.9 pts
Colombia$306K3.9%+0.4 pts$9.31/kg+5.1%12.5%+2.5 pts
Australia$272K3.4%+1.7 pts$16.12/kg+1.1%12.5%+2.5 pts
Brazil$264K3.4%+3.2 pts$5.13/kg−9.8%46.0%−12.5 pts
Canada$237K3.0%+0.5 pts$4.85/kg+12%0.0%−15.0 pts
Other countries (25)$1.2M15.3%−12.9 pts$4.46/kg−29%14.5%−3.6 pts
All countries$7.9M100.0%$6.37/kg−4.6%11.6%−1.4 pts

The 3 largest suppliers had 59.3% of US imports over the last 12 months.

Landed cost by origin

What importers paid to land this product at a US port from each main supplier, June–August 2026: the price, freight and insurance to the first US port, and duty, per unit. Suppliers with 3% or more of these imports, cheapest landed first. Small figures under landed cost are the change from the same months a year earlier.

  • Price
  • Freight and insurance
  • Duty
CountryPriceFreight and insuranceDutyLanded costMake-up
Nicaragua$4.62/kg$0.24/kg5.2% of price$0.49/kg10.6% of price$5.34/kg
Mexico$6.26/kg$0.04/kg0.6% of price$0.54/kg8.6% of price$6.83/kg+12%
Turkey$5.63/kg$0.32/kg5.7% of price$1.16/kg20.6% of price$7.12/kg+11%
Italy$7.57/kg$1.07/kg14.1% of price$1.17/kg15.4% of price$9.80/kg−11%
Colombia$9.05/kg$2.96/kg32.7% of price$1.00/kg11.1% of price$13.02/kg+9.1%
Australia$16.20/kg$1.08/kg6.7% of price$1.73/kg10.7% of price$19.01/kg+8.9%
All countries$6.38/kg$0.56/kg8.8% of price$0.88/kg13.8% of price$7.82/kg−0.3%

Landed at a US port, Nicaragua was cheapest, at $5.34/kg: 21.8% below Mexico.

Landed cost from Mexico rose 12% on a year earlier, to $6.83/kg, mostly on duty: $0.15/kg then, $0.54/kg now.

How the market is shifting

Italy gained the most share: 29.4% of US imports over the last 12 months, up from 24.7% in the 12 months before. Canada lost the most: 3.4%, down from 10.1%. The charts show September 2024 to August 2026 for the 4 largest suppliers over the last 12 months. Dotted lines mark lasting changes in duty paid, labelled with the supplier, or "Duty" when several moved; the tariff timeline lists each one with its notices.

  • Italy
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Canada
  • All countries
Share of US imports
Show the numbers
MonthItalyMexicoNetherlandsCanada
September 202423.6%17.4%11.7%7.3%
October 202418.9%28.1%11.0%6.4%
November 202416.4%20.4%15.6%10.5%
December 202424.5%23.3%15.2%10.6%
January 202520.4%21.4%15.1%10.4%
February 202533.8%18.5%1.6%16.2%
March 202531.4%22.7%5.0%7.1%
April 202524.0%20.1%14.1%10.7%
May 202523.7%29.1%7.7%15.9%
June 202525.2%20.8%6.3%14.9%
July 202528.6%18.2%10.0%9.3%
August 202529.1%30.3%7.3%2.5%
September 202525.2%27.1%6.6%1.8%
October 202525.9%22.5%9.4%10.0%
November 202527.1%24.3%3.1%1.7%
December 202523.3%18.8%22.2%3.1%
January 202624.0%32.7%9.1%3.5%
February 202626.4%27.2%1.8%2.6%
March 202637.7%24.5%1.5%2.9%
April 202630.4%22.8%4.2%4.2%
May 202637.6%22.0%0.0%2.8%
June 202628.3%25.6%0.9%2.9%
July 202631.6%28.5%0.0%1.8%
August 202635.5%23.6%0.1%3.0%
Duty paid, % of value
Show the numbers
MonthItalyMexicoNetherlandsCanadaAll countries
September 20249.2%7.6%8.5%0.0%7.7%
October 20249.3%5.4%8.5%0.3%7.8%
November 20249.1%6.6%8.5%0.0%7.3%
December 20249.5%6.4%8.5%0.0%7.1%
January 20259.0%6.0%8.5%0.2%7.3%
February 20259.4%12.1%8.5%0.0%7.6%
March 20258.9%3.5%8.5%0.0%6.3%
April 202511.3%3.8%8.5%0.2%7.6%
May 202518.0%3.1%18.5%0.0%10.1%
June 202518.9%0.3%18.5%0.0%11.4%
July 202518.9%2.8%18.5%0.0%13.7%
August 202516.7%3.9%18.5%15.0%13.0%
September 202515.6%2.5%15.0%0.0%13.1%
October 202514.8%4.1%15.0%2.3%13.2%
November 202514.7%4.6%15.0%0.0%15.2%
December 202514.7%5.4%15.0%0.8%13.9%
January 202614.3%4.8%15.0%4.2%13.5%
February 202614.8%4.4%15.0%5.7%12.9%
March 202618.8%9.5%18.5%0.6%15.6%
April 202618.9%8.7%18.5%0.2%15.8%
May 202618.8%8.3%n/a0.0%16.2%
June 202619.0%7.9%18.5%0.0%14.8%
July 202616.8%10.1%n/a0.0%14.8%
August 202610.7%7.6%18.7%0.0%11.6%

Tariff actions touching this product

When the duty paid on this product changed and stayed changed, for its main suppliers and all countries, newest first, with the Federal Register notices that named the product in the 3 months before. Rates are medians of the 4 months either side, less any usual seasonal swing. A change shows what happened to duty paid, not why; read each notice for what it did.

  1. May–June 2025 · Duty paid: Italy 9.3% → 18.4%, Netherlands 8.5% → 18.5%, all countries 7.7% → 13.2%.
  2. July 2023 · Duty paid: Mexico 14.6% → 5.4%.
  3. October 2022 · Duty paid: Mexico 24.9% → 14.1%.
  4. December 2021 · Duty paid: Mexico 19.1% → 27.1%.
  5. February 2021 · Duty paid: Mexico 0.0% → 18.0%.
  6. August 2020 · Duty paid: Canada 20.4% → 2.6%.
  7. March 2020 · Duty paid: Canada 3.5% → 20.4%.
  8. September–October 2019 · Duty paid: Canada 14.2% → 1.2%, Spain 8.5% → 33.5%.

Where it enters the US

Main ports of entry over the 12 months to August 2026: US imports and share.

  1. Newark, NJ$37.4M · 36.7%
  2. Laredo, TX$20.0M · 19.6%
  3. New York, NY$11.3M · 11.1%
  4. Oakland, CA$4.3M · 4.2%
  5. Otay Mesa, CA$3.9M · 3.8%

Where US exports go

US exports were $72.3M in August 2026, up 3.9% from August 2025, and $857.7M over the last 12 months, up 23% on the 12 months before. Fastest-growing market with 3% or more of US exports: Dominican Republic, up 65%.

MarketLast 12 monthsSharevs 12 months before
Korea, South$288.6M33.7%+34%
Mexico$110.7M12.9%+51%
Chile$54.6M6.4%+19%
Australia$42.4M4.9%+11%
Dominican Republic$42.4M4.9%+65%
Guatemala$39.9M4.7%+14%
Colombia$32.7M3.8%+54%
Canada$29.0M3.4%+12%
Other countries (80)$217.3M25.3%−0.1%
All countries$857.7M100.0%+23%

Markets abroad

Each country's own import figures for this product, from UN Comtrade: the 8 biggest importers outside the US in the latest year each has reported, what they bought from the US, and the change from the year before. Values usually include freight and insurance to the importer's border, so they run a little above US export figures. Countries report a year or more late; 124 have reported 2025 so far.

MarketImportsvs year beforeFrom the USUS share
Italy$1.34Bin 2025+17%$98K0.0%
France$1.12Bin 2025+26%$357K0.0%
Germany$1.05Bin 2025+23%$33K0.0%
United Kingdom$990.4Min 2025+14%$00.0%
Spain$756.1Min 2025+21%$00.0%
Netherlands$721.9Min 2025+17%$3790.0%
Korea, South$536.9Min 2025+43%$269.1M50.1%
Belgium$454.4Min 2025+16%$00.0%

The biggest market outside the US is Italy, which imported $1.34B of this product in 2025, under 0.1% of it from the US.

The US supplies 50.1% of imports into South Korea, but under 10% into Italy, France and Germany.

Of these, imports into South Korea grew fastest: up 43% from 2024 to 2025.

Other products under heading 0406: cheese and curd. US trade over the 12 months to August 2026.

ProductUS importsUS exports
Cheese, not elsewhere specified, including cheddar and colbyHS 0406.90$1.53B$1.33B
Cheese of all kinds, grated or powderedHS 0406.20$7.3M$859.8M
Cheese, processed, not grated or powderedHS 0406.30$70.2M$146.6M
Cheese, blue-veined, not elsewhere specifiedHS 0406.40$31.8M$2.4M
About these figures
  • Source: US Census Bureau international trade data, not seasonally adjusted, in US dollars. Retrieved November 3, 2026.
  • US imports are general imports at customs value, which excludes freight and insurance. Exports are at free-alongside-ship value.
  • Average price is customs value divided by quantity (kilograms), across all of the product's 10-digit lines.
  • Duty paid is the duty Census calculates on each country's imports for consumption, as a share of their value. It moves with tariff changes, exemptions and the mix of goods within the product.
  • Landed cost adds Census's import charges (freight, insurance and other costs of bringing the goods to the first US port) and calculated duty to the customs value, per unit, across the product's 10-digit lines. It leaves out antidumping and countervailing duties, customs fees and transport inland. Prices are averages across the goods within the code, so a lower one can mean cheaper goods, not the same goods for less.
  • Markets abroad are each country's imports as it reports them to UN Comtrade, in US dollars, usually including freight and insurance. Countries report a year or more late and in their own edition of the HS codes, so one still on an older edition is missing for codes that changed in 2022.
  • Census revises recent months, so figures can change slightly. These are estimates for research and planning, not customs or legal advice.

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