Official data Source: US Census Bureau international trade data
Track this productAlkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and toher derivatives, not elsewhere specified
In short
- The US imported $15.2M of this product over the 12 months to August 2026, down 25% on the year before.
- China is the largest supplier, with 75.8% of US imports; India is next, with 9.8%.
- China is the cheapest main supplier before and after freight and duty, landing at $93.40/kg.
- Duty paid averaged 18.4% of the value of imports in August 2026, up 18.1 points on a year earlier.
- Switzerland is gaining share: 48.8% over the last 12 months, up from 4.0%.
- 4 Federal Register notices named this product's tariff codes in the last 12 months.
US imports, Aug 2026
$594K
↑ +18% vs Aug 2025
Last 12 months
$15.2M
↓ −25% vs the 12 months before
Average duty paid
18.4%
↑ +18.1 pts vs Aug 2025
Top supplier
China
75.8% of US imports
US imports by month
The last 13 months, so the same month a year ago is on the left. August 2026 is highlighted. Dotted lines mark lasting changes in duty paid, labelled with the supplier, or "Duty" when several moved; the tariff timeline lists each one with its notices.
Show the numbers
| Month | US imports |
|---|---|
| August 2025 | $504K |
| September 2025 | $4.3M |
| October 2025 | $6.8M |
| November 2025 | $441K |
| December 2025 | $1.2M |
| January 2026 | $42K |
| February 2026 | $252K |
| March 2026 | $88K |
| April 2026 | $385K |
| May 2026 | $857K |
| June 2026 | $226K |
| July 2026 | $27K |
| August 2026 | $594K |
What changed
- US imports were $594K in August 2026, up 2102% from July 2026 and up 18% from August 2025.
- Over the 12 months to August 2026 they totalled $15.2M, down 25% on the 12 months before.
- Biggest moves in market share since July 2026: China up from 36.3% to 75.8%, Israel down from 63.7% to 7.0%.
- Average price from China fell 95% since July 2026, to $469.01/kg.
- Duty paid on imports from China fell from 44.0% to 19.6% of their value since July 2026.
- Duty paid on imports from Israel rose from 6.5% to 19.0% of their value since July 2026.
US trade by year
US imports were $15.2M in the 12 months to Aug 2026, up 79% on the 12 months to Aug 2018. US exports were $2.0M, down 36%. This code began with the HS 2017 revision in January 2017, taking goods from 2933.11, 2933.19, 2933.21 and 24 more, so its history starts there. Dotted lines mark lasting changes in duty paid, labelled with the supplier, or "Duty" when several moved; the tariff timeline lists each one with its notices.
Show the numbers
| Period | US imports |
|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | $8.5M |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | $8.1M |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | $3.8M |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | $5.0M |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | $5.3M |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | $5.0M |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | $7.0M |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | $20.3M |
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | $15.2M |
- Switzerland
- Italy
- India
- China
- All countries
Show the numbers
| Period | Switzerland | Italy | India | China |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | 0.5% | 0.0% | 32.2% | 8.8% |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | 0.1% | 0.0% | 45.6% | 12.2% |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | 0.3% | 1.0% | 30.5% | 29.1% |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | 0.4% | 0.3% | 32.5% | 16.7% |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | 0.7% | 0.3% | 22.5% | 19.5% |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | 0.8% | 0.1% | 28.8% | 30.5% |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | 14.4% | 0.0% | 34.0% | 15.9% |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | 4.0% | 0.0% | 39.9% | 47.7% |
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | 48.8% | 24.9% | 9.1% | 8.3% |
Show the numbers
| Period | Switzerland | Italy | India | China | All countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | 6.5% | 6.5% | 0.8% | 4.8% | 4.3% |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | 3.3% | 6.5% | 0.7% | 18.0% | 4.9% |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | 6.5% | 3.1% | 2.1% | 30.4% | 11.3% |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | 1.7% | 6.5% | 1.7% | 29.3% | 7.9% |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | 0.5% | 6.5% | 1.6% | 21.3% | 7.3% |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | 0.8% | 6.5% | 3.8% | 9.6% | 5.5% |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | 6.5% | n/a | 3.0% | 13.7% | 5.5% |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | 6.5% | 6.5% | 5.8% | 38.0% | 21.0% |
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | 1.3% | 0.1% | 3.3% | 30.2% | 3.9% |
| Period | US imports | Duty paid | US exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 months to Aug 2026 | $15.2M−25% | 3.9%−17.0 pts | $2.0M−36% |
| 12 months to Aug 2025 | $20.3M+192% | 21.0%+15.5 pts | $3.1M+66% |
| 12 months to Aug 2024 | $7.0M+38% | 5.5%0.0 pts | $1.9M−33% |
| 12 months to Aug 2023 | $5.0M−4.6% | 5.5%−1.8 pts | $2.8M−49% |
| 12 months to Aug 2022 | $5.3M+5.5% | 7.3%−0.7 pts | $5.4M+137% |
| 12 months to Aug 2021 | $5.0M+31% | 7.9%−3.4 pts | $2.3M+17% |
| 12 months to Aug 2020 | $3.8M−53% | 11.3%+6.4 pts | $1.9M−6.8% |
| 12 months to Aug 2019 | $8.1M−4.4% | 4.9%+0.6 pts | $2.1M−32% |
| 12 months to Aug 2018 | $8.5M | 4.3% | $3.1M |
Who supplies the US
August 2026. Small figures under each value are the change from August 2025. Landed cost by origin, below, adds freight and duty to the price.
| Country | US imports | Share | Average price | Duty paid | Last 13 months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | $451K | 75.8%+74.4 pts | $469.01/kg+113% | 19.6%+1.3 pts | |
| India | $58K | 9.8%−86.1 pts | $8,304/kg+1749% | 15.5%+15.5 pts | |
| Israel | $42K | 7.0%+6.5 pts | $1,066/kg+15498% | 19.0%+19.0 pts | |
| Spain | $23K | 3.8%new | $3,808/kg | 6.5% | |
| Canada | $11K | 1.8%new | $10,941/kg | 16.5% | |
| United Kingdom | $4K | 0.7%−1.4 pts | $4,366/kg+1961% | 6.5%+6.5 pts | |
| Switzerland | $3K | 0.6%new | $479.43/kg | 6.5% | |
| Germany | $2K | 0.4%new | $793.33/kg | 16.5% | |
| All countries | $594K | 100.0% | $579.81/kg+75% | 18.4%+18.1 pts |
The 3 largest suppliers had 82.9% of US imports over the last 12 months.
Landed cost by origin
What importers paid to land this product at a US port from each main supplier, June–August 2026: the price, freight and insurance to the first US port, and duty, per unit. Suppliers with 3% or more of these imports, cheapest landed first. Small figures under landed cost are the change from the same months a year earlier.
- Price
- Freight and insurance
- Duty
| Country | Price | Freight and insurance | Duty | Landed cost | Make-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | $74.56/kg | $1.20/kg1.6% of price | $17.64/kg23.7% of price | $93.40/kg−77% | |
| Israel | $1,469/kg | $25.43/kg1.7% of price | $225.43/kg15.3% of price | $1,720/kg+7197% | |
| India | $8,304/kg | $364.29/kg4.4% of price | $1,290/kg15.5% of price | $9,958/kg+2854% | |
| All countries | $93.78/kg | $1.76/kg1.9% of price | $20.07/kg21.4% of price | $115.60/kg−63% |
Landed at a US port, China was cheapest, at $93.40/kg: 94.6% below Israel.
Landed cost from Israel rose 7197% on a year earlier, to $1,720/kg, mostly on price: $21.12/kg then, $1,469/kg now.
How the market is shifting
Switzerland gained the most share: 48.8% of US imports over the last 12 months, up from 4.0% in the 12 months before. China lost the most: 8.3%, down from 47.7%. The charts show September 2024 to August 2026 for the 4 largest suppliers over the last 12 months. Dotted lines mark lasting changes in duty paid, labelled with the supplier, or "Duty" when several moved; the tariff timeline lists each one with its notices.
- Switzerland
- Italy
- India
- China
- All countries
Show the numbers
| Month | Switzerland | Italy | India | China |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 2024 | 0.2% | 0.0% | 47.8% | 25.3% |
| October 2024 | 0.4% | 0.0% | 81.7% | 15.0% |
| November 2024 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 21.3% | 20.5% |
| December 2024 | 25.3% | 0.0% | 45.2% | 28.9% |
| January 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 42.5% | 57.0% |
| February 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 55.6% | 43.1% |
| March 2025 | 12.5% | 0.0% | 17.1% | 70.3% |
| April 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 15.3% | 0.4% |
| May 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 33.7% | 42.2% |
| June 2025 | 24.8% | 0.0% | 15.3% | 54.2% |
| July 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 53.4% | 40.6% |
| August 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 95.9% | 1.5% |
| September 2025 | 3.8% | 87.6% | 0.5% | 5.6% |
| October 2025 | 93.7% | 0.0% | 5.9% | 0.0% |
| November 2025 | 47.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| December 2025 | 54.0% | 0.0% | 24.9% | 16.2% |
| January 2026 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 80.6% | 19.4% |
| February 2026 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 94.0% | 0.0% |
| March 2026 | 3.6% | 34.9% | 54.5% | 2.9% |
| April 2026 | 0.0% | 2.9% | 54.2% | 35.6% |
| May 2026 | 0.0% | 0.7% | 8.9% | 1.4% |
| June 2026 | 2.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 91.9% |
| July 2026 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 36.3% |
| August 2026 | 0.6% | 0.0% | 9.8% | 75.8% |
Show the numbers
| Month | Switzerland | Italy | India | China | All countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 2024 | 0.0% | n/a | 6.5% | 1.9% | 5.3% |
| October 2024 | 6.5% | 6.5% | 5.8% | 30.2% | 9.0% |
| November 2024 | n/a | n/a | 0.7% | 31.5% | 10.4% |
| December 2024 | 6.5% | n/a | 4.4% | 31.5% | 12.7% |
| January 2025 | n/a | n/a | 6.2% | 31.4% | 20.6% |
| February 2025 | n/a | n/a | 6.5% | 41.4% | 21.5% |
| March 2025 | 6.5% | n/a | 5.4% | 44.5% | 33.0% |
| April 2025 | n/a | n/a | 9.9% | 0.0% | 1.6% |
| May 2025 | n/a | n/a | 5.1% | 51.5% | 27.3% |
| June 2025 | 6.5% | n/a | 0.0% | 5.2% | 4.7% |
| July 2025 | n/a | n/a | 16.5% | 41.7% | 26.0% |
| August 2025 | n/a | n/a | 0.0% | 18.3% | 0.3% |
| September 2025 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 40.8% | 2.3% |
| October 2025 | 0.0% | n/a | 0.0% | n/a | 0.0% |
| November 2025 | 45.5% | n/a | n/a | n/a | 21.7% |
| December 2025 | 0.0% | n/a | 12.2% | 41.5% | 10.1% |
| January 2026 | n/a | n/a | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| February 2026 | n/a | n/a | 0.2% | n/a | 0.5% |
| March 2026 | 6.5% | 6.5% | 0.0% | 31.5% | 3.7% |
| April 2026 | n/a | 0.0% | 0.0% | 31.5% | 11.6% |
| May 2026 | n/a | 6.5% | 0.2% | 7.9% | 6.0% |
| June 2026 | 6.5% | n/a | n/a | 31.5% | 29.4% |
| July 2026 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 44.0% | 20.1% |
| August 2026 | 6.5% | n/a | 15.5% | 19.6% | 18.4% |
Tariff actions touching this product
When the duty paid on this product changed and stayed changed, for its main suppliers and all countries, newest first, with the Federal Register notices that named the product in the 3 months before. Rates are medians of the 4 months either side, less any usual seasonal swing. A change shows what happened to duty paid, not why; read each notice for what it did.
- November 2025 · Duty paid: all countries 0.0% → 10.3%.
- June 2025 · Duty paid: all countries 24.5% → 2.9%.
- December 2024–February 2025 · Duty paid: China 31.5% → 44.5%, all countries 7.7% → 20.8%.
- July 2023 · Duty paid: all countries 3.9% → 13.7%.
- November 2021 · Duty paid: all countries 21.4% → 5.2%.
Federal Register notices from the last 12 months that list this product's tariff codes. A notice can add a duty, exclude products from one or only mention them, so read each for what it changes. Search the Federal Register for 2939.80
- Guidance and Procedures for Implementing Tariff Adjustments for Specialty Pharmaceuticals and Associated Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Technical Corrections to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States for Duties Imposed Under Proclamation 11020
- Notice of Action: Brazil's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Digital Trade and Electronic Payment Services; Unfair, Preferential Tariffs; Anti-Corruption Enforcement; Intellectual Property Protection; Ethanol Market Access; and Illegal Deforestation
- Notice of Determination and Request for Comments Concerning Action Pursuant to Section 301: Brazil's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Digital Trade and Electronic Payment Services; Unfair, Preferential Tariffs; Anti-Corruption Enforcement; Intellectual Property Protection; Ethanol Market Access; and Illegal Deforestation
- Implementing Certain Tariff-Related Elements of the Framework for a United States-Switzerland-Liechtenstein Agreement on Fair, Balanced, and Reciprocal Trade
Where it enters the US
Main ports of entry over the 12 months to August 2026: US imports and share.
Where US exports go
US exports were $126K in August 2026, down 24% from August 2025, and $2.0M over the last 12 months, down 36% on the 12 months before. Fastest-growing market with 3% or more of US exports: Korea, South, up 364%.
| Market | Last 12 months | Share | vs 12 months before |
|---|---|---|---|
| Korea, South | $597K | 30.3% | +364% |
| China | $310K | 15.8% | +56% |
| Mexico | $175K | 8.9% | −74% |
| Germany | $136K | 6.9% | +30% |
| India | $128K | 6.5% | −36% |
| Canada | $119K | 6.0% | +97% |
| Slovenia | $118K | 6.0% | new |
| South Africa | $90K | 4.6% | new |
| Other countries (29) | $293K | 14.9% | −58% |
| All countries | $2.0M | 100.0% | −36% |
Markets abroad
Each country's own import figures for this product, from UN Comtrade: the 8 biggest importers outside the US in the latest year each has reported, what they bought from the US, and the change from the year before. Values usually include freight and insurance to the importer's border, so they run a little above US export figures. Countries report a year or more late; 79 have reported 2025 so far.
| Market | Imports | vs year before | From the US | US share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | $14.6Min 2025 | −17% | $59K | 0.4% |
| United Kingdom | $5.6Min 2025 | +14% | $493K | 8.9% |
| Colombia | $4.5Min 2025 | +36% | $566 | 0.0% |
| India | $4.5Min 2025 | −50% | $125K | 2.8% |
| Canada | $3.7Min 2025 | −15% | $47K | 1.3% |
| Germany | $2.5Min 2025 | +194% | $246K | 9.7% |
| Spain | $2.1Min 2025 | −14% | $3K | 0.1% |
| Australia | $2.0Min 2025 | −11% | $114K | 5.6% |
The biggest market outside the US is Austria, which imported $14.6M of this product in 2025, 0.4% of that from the US.
Of these, imports into Colombia grew fastest: up 36% from 2024 to 2025.
Related products
Other products under heading 2939: vegetable alkaloids, natural or synthetic, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives. US trade over the 12 months to August 2026.
| Product | US imports | US exports |
|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids, of vegetal origin, not elsewhere specifiedHS 2939.79 | $252.0M | $11.6M |
| Caffeine and its saltsHS 2939.30 | $129.6M | $24.0M |
| Concentrates of poppy straw; buprenorphine (inn), codeine, dihydrocodeine (inn), ethlymorphone, etorphine morphine & othr specified alkolides of opiumHS 2939.11 | $119.3M | $13.6M |
| Alkaloids of opium and their derivatives, slats thereof, not elsewhere specifiedHS 2939.19 | $35.7M | $49.9M |
| Pseudoephedrine and their saltsHS 2939.42 | $9.7M | $135K |
| Alkaloids of rye ergot and their derivatives; salts thereof, not elsewhere specifiedHS 2939.69 | $4.8M | $662K |
| Alkaloids of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereofHS 2939.20 | $3.6M | $273K |
| Theophylline and aminophylline (excluding fenetylline) and their derivatives; salts thereof, not elsewhere specifiedHS 2939.59 | $2.9M | $205K |
About these figures
- Source: US Census Bureau international trade data, not seasonally adjusted, in US dollars. Retrieved November 3, 2026.
- US imports are general imports at customs value, which excludes freight and insurance. Exports are at free-alongside-ship value.
- Average price is customs value divided by quantity (kilograms), across all of the product's 10-digit lines.
- Duty paid is the duty Census calculates on each country's imports for consumption, as a share of their value. It moves with tariff changes, exemptions and the mix of goods within the product.
- Landed cost adds Census's import charges (freight, insurance and other costs of bringing the goods to the first US port) and calculated duty to the customs value, per unit, across the product's 10-digit lines. It leaves out antidumping and countervailing duties, customs fees and transport inland. Prices are averages across the goods within the code, so a lower one can mean cheaper goods, not the same goods for less.
- Markets abroad are each country's imports as it reports them to UN Comtrade, in US dollars, usually including freight and insurance. Countries report a year or more late and in their own edition of the HS codes, so one still on an older edition is missing for codes that changed in 2022.
- Tariff notices are from the Federal Register, matched to this product by the HTS numbers in their text.
- Census revises recent months, so figures can change slightly. These are estimates for research and planning, not customs or legal advice.